Frontline

Actors and relations

Every armed actor we track, and how they stand to one another: dated alliances and hostilities, how those relations shifted, and how often actors appear in the same events. Relations are stored with the dates they held, so a partner on one day says nothing about another.

17
Actors tracked
9
Dated relation records
4,283 events
Most active: Ethiopian National Defense Force
1,291
Ethiopian National Defense Force and Oromo Liberation Army appear in the same events
925
Ethiopian National Defense Force and Fano appear in the same events
875
Ethiopian National Defense Force and Tigray Defence Forces appear in the same events

Who stands with whom

Each actor is a circle sized by the number of events it appears in. A solid line is an alliance in force on the chosen date and a dashed line a hostile relation; the faint grey lines show how often two actors are named in the same event — for opposing forces, that is mostly fighting between them.

10 Oct 2026

Ethiopian National Defense Force and Oromo Liberation Army appear in the same eventsEthiopian National Defense Force and Fano appear in the same eventsEthiopian National Defense Force and Tigray Defence Forces appear in the same eventsEritrean Defence Forces and Ethiopian National Defense Force appear in the same eventsTigray Defence Forces and Tigray Peace Forces appear in the same eventsEthiopian National Defense Force and Tigray Peace Forces appear in the same eventsFano and Tigray Defence Forces appear in the same eventsEritrean Defence Forces and Tigray Defence Forces appear in the same eventsFano and Oromo Liberation Army appear in the same eventsOromo Liberation Army and Tigray Defence Forces appear in the same eventsAfar armed opposition groups and Tigray Defence Forces appear in the same eventsEritrean Defence Forces and Tigray Peace Forces appear in the same eventsFano and Ogaden National Liberation Front appear in the same eventsOromo Liberation Army and Ogaden National Liberation Front appear in the same eventsOgaden National Liberation Front and Tigray Defence Forces appear in the same eventsSudanese Armed Forces and Tigray Defence Forces appear in the same eventsAfar armed opposition groups and Fano appear in the same eventsEthiopian National Defense Force · Amhara regional forces: Allied (4 Nov 2020 – present)Tigray Defence Forces · Benishangul People's Liberation Movement: Allied (20 Sep 2026 – present)Tigray Defence Forces · Oromo Liberation Army: Allied (20 Sep 2026 – present)Tigray Defence Forces · Afar armed opposition groups: Allied (20 Sep 2026 – present)Tigray Defence Forces · Ogaden National Liberation Front: Allied (20 Sep 2026 – present)Tigray Defence Forces · Amhara Fano National Movement: Allied (20 Sep 2026 – present)Ethiopian National Defense Force · Tigray Defence Forces: Hostile (22 Sep 2026 – present)Ethiopian National Defense Force · Tigray Peace Forces: Allied (22 Sep 2026 – present)Ethiopian National Defense Force · Raya Zeb: Allied (28 Sep 2026 – present)Ethiopian National Defense Force: 4,283 eventsEthiopian National Defense ForceTigray Peace Forces: 51 eventsTigray Peace ForcesAmhara regional forces: 3 eventsAmhara regional forcesRaya Zeb: 3 eventsRaya ZebFano: 1,105 eventsFanoEritrean Defence Forces: 265 eventsEritrean Defence ForcesSudanese Armed Forces: 13 eventsSudanese Armed Forcesal-Shabaab: 7 eventsal-ShabaabAfar regional forces: 3 eventsAfar regional forcesSomali regional forces: 1 eventsSomali regional forcesOromo Liberation Army: 1,410 eventsOromo Liberation ArmyTigray Defence Forces: 1,108 eventsTigray Defence ForcesAfar armed opposition groups: 12 eventsAfar armed opposition groupsOgaden National Liberation Front: 6 eventsOgaden National Liberation FrontBenishangul People's Liberation Movement: 4 eventsBenishangul People's Liberation Movement
AlliedHostileNamed in the same events

    How relations changed over time

    One bar per dated relation record, from the date it was first reported to the date it ended, or to today. Solid bars are alliances, dashed bars hostilities.

    Allied: 20 Sep 2026 – present
    Allied: 20 Sep 2026 – present
    Allied: 20 Sep 2026 – present
    Hostile: 22 Sep 2026 – present
    Allied: 22 Sep 2026 – present
    Allied: 28 Sep 2026 – present

    Who appears with whom

    Events in which both actors are named, for actors with at least ten events. For opposing forces these are mostly battles between them; for allies, joint operations or shared statements.

    Ethiopian National Defense Force Oromo Liberation Army Tigray Defence Forces Fano Eritrean Defence Forces Tigray Peace Forces Sudanese Armed Forces Afar armed opposition groups
    Ethiopian National Defense Force1,291875925373623
    Oromo Liberation Army1,29114162··4
    Tigray Defence Forces87514351837512
    Fano92516352··5
    Eritrean Defence Forces37218271·
    Tigray Peace Forces36·37·7·1
    Sudanese Armed Forces2·5·1··
    Afar armed opposition groups34125·1·

    The actors

    Fano

    Insurgent · Factions: Amhara Fano National Forces, Amhara Fano National Movement

    2019: 12020: 02021: 02022: 262023: 1912024: 2232025: 6192026: 45
    20192026
    Events
    1,105
    Woredas held today
    0
    Allied today: —
    Hostile today: —

    Eritrean Defence Forces

    Foreign state army

    2019: 02020: 412021: 882022: 342023: 02024: 02025: 12026: 101
    20192026
    Events
    265
    Woredas held today
    0
    Allied today: —
    Hostile today: —

    Sudanese Armed Forces

    Foreign state army

    2019: 02020: 02021: 02022: 02023: 02024: 02025: 02026: 13
    20192026
    Events
    13
    Woredas held today
    0
    Allied today: —
    Hostile today: —

    al-Shabaab

    Insurgent

    2019: 02020: 02021: 12022: 52023: 12024: 02025: 02026: 0
    20192026
    Events
    7
    Woredas held today
    0
    Allied today: —
    Hostile today: —

    Afar regional forces

    Regional force

    2019: 02020: 02021: 02022: 02023: 02024: 02025: 02026: 3
    20192026
    Events
    3
    Woredas held today
    0
    Allied today: —
    Hostile today: —

    Somali regional forces

    Regional force

    2019: 02020: 02021: 02022: 02023: 02024: 02025: 12026: 0
    20192026
    Events
    1
    Woredas held today
    0
    Allied today: —
    Hostile today: —

    Gumuz militias

    Militia

    2019: 02020: 02021: 02022: 02023: 02024: 02025: 02026: 0
    20192026
    Events
    0
    Woredas held today
    0
    Allied today: —
    Hostile today: —

    Oromia regional forces

    Regional force

    2019: 02020: 02021: 02022: 02023: 02024: 02025: 02026: 0
    20192026
    Events
    0
    Woredas held today
    0
    Allied today: —
    Hostile today: —